Principles and Practices of Organic Farming
Organic farming in India is an ecological
production management system that prohibits the use of synthetic agro-inputs
like fertilizers and pesticides, instead relying on organic materials and a
holistic approach to maintain soil productivity, manage pests, and enhance
biodiversity and ecological harmony.
It emphasizes the minimal use of off-farm inputs
and management practices that restore and enhance ecological balance within the
agricultural system and its surrounding environment.
Organic farming operates on several core
principles aimed at fostering a sustainable and self-regulating ecosystem. It
views the farm as a whole system where all components—soil minerals, organic
matter, microorganisms, insects, plants, animals, and humans—interact
synergistically.
Key practices of Organic farming include:
Soil Fertility Management:
Encouraging the use of
cover crops, green manures, animal manures, crop rotations, and compost to
improve soil fertility, maximize biological activity, and maintain long-term
soil health. This also involves managing soil organic carbon and nitrogen to
enhance soil health and nutrient availability.
Pest and Disease
Management:
Utilizing diversity,
bio-intensive pest management, and other biological controls instead of
synthetic pesticides. This often involves natural deterrents like neem and
chili pepper, and planting trap crops such as marigold and castor, which aim to
balance the ecosystem rather than eradicate all insects.
Biodiversity Promotion:
Promoting and enhancing
biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity, aligning with
agroecological elements defined by the FAO.
Reduced External Inputs:
Minimizing reliance on off-farm inputs and focusing on conserving the biodiversity of the agricultural system.
